Teacher: Dr. Shrestha
Materials for class (1)
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GOALS FOR TODAY:
Introduction to the course, plan, objective, and policies
Learn materials from Chapters (1) and (2)
Lecture and Lab
ASSIGNMENT:
Read and review materials from Chapters (1) and (2)
Test (1) on these materials next class
Exercises on Internet
Use Microsoft Word to write a brief introduction on yourself
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- Word processor - WORD
- Spreadsheet - EXCEL
- Database System - ACCESS
- Presentation Graphics- POWER POINT
Save days' work in your diskette !
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CHAPTER (1) - YOUR FUTURE AND COMPUTER COMPETENCY
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KEY-IDEAS
Five Parts of an Information System
(1) PEOPLE, (2) PROCEDURES, (3) SOFTWARE, (4) HARDWARE, & (5) DATA.
People
People are competent end users working to increase their productivity.
End users use microcomputers and software to solve information-related or
decision-making problems.
Procedures
Procedures are manuals and guidelines that instruct end users on how
to use the software and hardware.
Software
Software is another name for programs which are instructions that tell
the computer how to process data. There are two kinds of softwares:
(1) SYSTEM SOFTWARE and (2) APPLICATION SOFTWARE.
System software is background software that helps a computer manage
its internal resources. An operating system is a system software.
Application software performs useful work on general purpose problems.
There are two types of Application softwares: Basic application software
and Advanced application software.
Basic application software include:
BROWSERS - navigate, explore, find information on the Internet.
WORD PROCESSOR - prepare written documents.
SPREADSHEET - analyze and summarize nemerical data.
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - organize and manage data and information.
PRESENTATION GRAPHICS - communicate a message or persuade other people.
Advanced application software include:
MULTIMEDIA - integrate video, music, voice, and graphics to create
interactive presentations.
WEB PUBLISHERS - create interactive multimedia Web pages.
GRAPHICS PROGRAMS - create professional publications, draw, edit, and
modify images.
VIRTUAL REALITY - create realistic three-dimensional virtual or simulated
environments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - simulated human thought processes and actions.
PROJECT MANAGERS - plan projects, schedule, people, and control
resources.
TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Four types:
* Supercomputers - the most powerful
* Mainframe - used by large companies
* Minicomputers - the midrange computers
* Microcomputers - in all likelihood, the one beside you!
The category of microcomputers also include desktop, notebook, and
personal digital assistant (PDA)
Hardware
Hardware consists of input devices, the system unit, secondary
storage, output devices, and communication devices.
Input Devices
Input devices take data and put it into a form the computer can process.
The usual input devices are keyboard and mouse.
The system Unit
The system Unit consists of electronic circuitry with two parts:
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) - controls and manipulates data to produce
information.
MEMORY (Primary Storage) - temporarily holds data, program instructions,
and processed data.
Secondary Storage
Secondary Storage stores data and programs. Three storage media are:
FLOPPY DISK - removable flexible 3.5 inch plastic disks.
HARD DISK - nonremovable; internal disk drive.
OPTICAL DISK - removable; CD and DVD are the examples.
Output Devices
Output devices output processed information from the CPU. Two
important output devices are:
MONITOR - TV screen-like device to display results.
PRINTER - device that prints out images on paper.
Communication Devices
These devices send and receive data and programs from one computer to
another. A Modem is an example of such a device that connects a
microcomputer to a telephone.
Data
Data describes something and is typically stored electronically in a
file. A file is a collection of characters organized as a single unit.
Common types of files are:
DOCUMENT - letters, research papers, memos.
WORKSHEET - budget analyses, sales projections.
DATABASE - structured and organized data.
PRESENTATION - created by presentation graphics programs, might contain
slides.
Connectivity and Internet
Connectivity
Connectivity is a concept describing the ability of end users to tap
into resources well beyond their desktops. Computer networks are
connected computers that share data resources.
Internet
The Internet is the world's largest computer network. The world wide
web (WWW) is an Internet service that provides access to resources on the
Internet.
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CHAPTER (2) - APPLICATION SOFTWARE
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System Software
System Software or background programs deal with the physical
complexities of computer hardware. There are four kind of System
softwares:
(1)Utilities, (2) Device Drivers, (3) Language translators, and (4)
Operating Systems.
Operating Systems
Operating Systems like Windows 2000 perform three basic functions:
(1) coordinate resources, (2) provide user interface, and (3) load and
run applications.
General Purpose Applications
General purpose applications are for common kinds of tasks. They
include browsers, word processors, spreadsheets, database management
systems, and presentation graphics programs. Common features include:
WINDOWS - rectangular areas that can contain a document, program, or
message.
MENUS - lists of optional commands.
TOOLBARS - offer a graphic approach to selecting commands by using icons.
HELP - includes a table of contents, a search feature, and access to
special learning features.
Browsers
Browsers connect to remote computers, open and transfer files, display
text and images, and provide an interface to the Internet and Web. Common
Internet and Web activities include communicating by sending e-mail and
participating in newsgroups, searching the Web for information, and
creating Web Sites using HTML.
Word Processors
Word processors create, edit, save, and print text-based documents. They are especially useful for deleting, inserting, and replacing. Principle features include:
WORD WRAP - automatically moves the insertion points to the next line.
ENTER KEY - inserts a new line.
SPELLING CHECKERS - identify incorrectly spelled words and present
alternative spellings.
GRAMMAR CHECKERS - identify poor wording, grammar, and long sentences.
SEARCH - options quickly locate characters, words, or phrases.
REPLACE - replaces the located text with new text.
HYPERTEXT LINKS - provide a connect to cross-referenced information
within a document to other documents.
Spreadsheets
Spreadsheets are used to organize, manipulate, and graph numeric
information. Also known as a worksheet, a spreadsheet consists of rows
and columns forming cells. Individual cells are identified by their cell
address. A block of adjacent cells is called a range. Principle features
include:
LABELS - identify information in the spreadsheet.
VALUES - include numbers.
FORMULAS - inctructions for calculations.
FUNCTIONS - prewritten formulas.
WHAT-IF ANALYSIS - the result of changing one or more values and
observing the effect on related cells in the spreadsheet.
ANALYTICAL GRAPHS OR CHARTS - help visualize data on a spreadsheet.
Database Managers
Database management systems are used to create and use databases. A
relational database organizes data into related tables that are linked by
key fields. Principle features of database management systems include:
LOCATE AND DISPLAY - find and display records.
SORT AND ANALYZE - rearrange records in a database.
PROGRAM CONTROL LANGUAGES - programming languages for advanced users to
create sophisticated database applications.
Presentation Graphics
Presentation graphics are used to create professional and exciting
presentations. Principle features include:
CONTENT DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE - help is provided to organize content.
Layout files include sample text for different type of presentations.
PROFESSIONAL DESIGN - sample templates for model presentations are
provided. They specify design and layout.
ANIMATION - special visual and sound effects. Includes video and audio
clips that play automatically or when selected.
Pakages and Suites
Integrated pacakages
An integrated pacakage is a single program providing the functionality
of several separate application programs.
Software Suite
A software suite is a collection of individual windows application
packages sold together.
Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)
Allows sharing of information (objects) between applications.
* object linking - linked objects are automatically updated whenever a
parameter in the source file is changed.
* embedded linking - the object from the source is embedded or added and
can be run from the destination file.
THANKS FOR STOPPING BY !
TAKE CARE !