1. _____ Treponema pallidum is cultured in/on

A. blood agar
B. serum broth
C. animal tissues
D. eggs

2. _____ The best therapy for cholera is

A.  oral tetracycline
B.  oral rehydration therapy
C.  antiserum injection
D. oral vaccine

3. _____  Rickettsias and chlamydias are similar in being

A. free of a cell wall
B.  the cause of eye infections
C.  carried by mosquitoes
D. obligate intracellular bacteria

4. _____  The earliest process that is at the basis of most dental diseases is

A.  acquired pellicle
B.  acid release
C.  enamel destruction
D. plaque accumulation

5. A _____ infection is acquired in a hospital.

A. subclinical
B. focal
C. nosocomial
D. zoonosis

6. A/an _____ is a passive animal transporter of pathogens

A. zoonosis
B. biological vector
C. mechanical vector
D. asymptomatic carrier

7. A/an _____ is an animal transporter of pathogens that actively participates in the pathogen's life cycle.

A. zoonosis
B. biological vector
C. mechanical vector
D. asymptomatic carrier

8. _____ Which of the following is not a condition of Koch's postulates?

A.  isolate the causative agent of a disease
B. cultivate the microbe in a lab
C. inoculate a test animal to observe the disease
D. test the effects of pathogen on humans
 
 

9. The MIC is the _____ of a drug that is requried to inhibit growth of a microbe.

A. largest concentration
B. standard dose
C. smallest concentration
D. lowest dilution

10. Microbial control methods that kill _____ are able to sterilize.

A. viruses
B. endospores
C. T.B. bacillus
D. cysts

11. High temperatures _____ and low temperatures _____.

A. sterilize, disinfect
B. kill cells, inhibit cell growth
C. denature proteins, burst cels
D. speed up metabolism, slow down metabolism

12. _____ Oligodynamic action is the ability of an antimicrobial compound to

A. denature proteins
B. act in small concentrations
C. interact with other antimicrobial compounds
D. inhibit the activity of other antimicrobial compounds

13. _____ Another name for intermittent sterilization is

A. pasteurization
B. autoclaving
C. incineration
D. tyndallization

14. _____ is an example of nonionizing radiation.

A. Ultraviolet light
B. X-rays
C. Cathode rays
D. Gamma rays

15. An effective method of sterilizing heat-sensitive liquids is _____.

A. UV radiation
B. exposure to ozone
C. beta propiolactone
D. filtration

16.  The primary mode of action of hypochlorites is _____.

A. oxidation of sulfhydryl groups.
B. coagulation of proteins.
C. disruption of surface tension.
D. disruption of cell membranes.

17.  A dilute hydrogen peroxide solution is most effective against _____.

A. endospores
B. facultative anaerobes
C. anaerobes
D. aerobes

18. ____ Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between human hosts and their normal flora?

A. Antibiotic treatment that eliminates our intestinal microbial flora has not significant effect on our health.
B. Germ-free animals, which completely lack a microbial flora, are rarely healthy and have shorter than average life spans.
C. when removed from their germ-free world, animals do not acquire a normal microbial flora.
D. When removed from their germ-free world and returned to a microbe-laden environment, some animals become sick and die.

19. _____ Which of the following body sites does not contain a normal microbial flora?

A.  The nasopharynx
B.  The bladder
C.  The intestinal tract
D.  The skin

20.  An infectious disease that occurs at a constant rate in a particular geographic region is referred to as _____.

A. epidemic
B. pandemic
C. sporadic
D. endemic

Short answers. (two points each)

What might happen to the effectiveness of a bacteriocidal antibiotic such as penicillin if it is used together with a bacteriostatic antibiotic such as tetracycline?

Effectiveness would decrease because penicillin is only bacteriocidal on actively growing cells.

What is the reason for using sulfa drugs together with trimethoprim?

Both drugs act on different steps in the same pathway so occurance of resistent organisms is decreased.

What is the difference between an exotoxin and an endotoxin?  Give an example of each.

Exotoxin - produced external to the bacterium - cholera toxin

Endotoxin - part of the bacterium - LPS

What are the advantages of second and third generation antimicrobial drugs?

Less toxic, broader spectrum, more specific etc.

Give two possible mechanisms for resistance of a microbe to a particular antimicrobial drug?

Inactivation of the antimicrobial
Expression of an efflux system
Decreased permeability
etc.

Dental caries arises from what product of microbial metabolism?  Name one genus of bacteria typically responsible for this process.

Acid production by Streptococcus species is a common cause of dental caries.

Name two possible targets for antimicrobial drugs.

Cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, biosynthetic pathway, etc.

Name one antimicrobial drug that affects each target given in the above question.

Cell wall - penicillin
Cytoplasmic membrane - alcohol
Biosynthetic pathways - sulfa drugs

Matching. (one point each) Match the following disease with the causative agent.
 

__G__ Cholera  __B__ Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever  __C__ Q - Fever  __A__ Epidemic Typhus  __F__ Syphilus  __D__ Lyme Disease  __E___ Relapsing Fever

A.  Rickettsia prowazekii B.  Rickettsia rickettsii C.  Coxiella burnetii D.  Borrelia burgdorferi E.  Borrelia recurentis F.  Treponema pallidum G. Vibrio cholerae

Match the above antibiotics with the appropriate name below.  Some may be used more than once and names may apply to more than one antibiotic.
 

__D__ Aminoglycoside  __C__ Cephalosporin  _E&C_ B-Lactam

__E__ Penicillin __B__ Sulfonamide __A__ Tetracycline

Short essay.  (Five points each) (Select 2 of the following 3 questions) (Five bonus points possible for answering all three questions)

Describe the characteristics of an ideal antibiotic.  Explain the significance of each characteristic.
 

 There is a severe outbreak of gastroenteritis on Gilligan's island.  Skipper, Gilligan, Ginger and Mrs. Howell were all infected.  Being a superb epidemiologist, Professor seeks to track down the source of the infection and prove that Minnowella gilliganii is the causative agent.  What steps was he likely to have taken?  Remember that Professor is very resourceful and is capable of creating a CDC quality microbiology lab from common items found around the island so there are no limitations as to what he can do.
 

Describe all the possible outcomes from contact with a new microbe.  Remember, there are 4 possible outcomes from contact, 3 possible outcomes from infection and 4 possible outcomes from disease.