normal force
normal stress ...created by normal force
assumptions
- prismatic bar - a straight structural member having a constant cross section and limited discontinuities
- load acts through centroid of the cross section
- homogeneous material - same throughout all parts of the bar
definition
σ = N / A
normal stress, σ - force per unit area (normal stress, uniaxial stress) (units: psi, Pa)
normal force, N - a load directed along the longitudinal axis of the bar
cross-sectional area, A - the internal face of a bar taken perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
macro micro
sign convention
+ tension
- compression
