Bio-Joints

skeletal joints

animated joint models

Type of Joint	Location	Movement
fixed	skull	no motion
slightly movable	spine	limited motion
synovial	limbs	movable, contains lubricating liquid called synovial fluid
- ball and socket	shoulder, hip	rotation about all axes
- ellipsoidal	base of index finger	bending and extending, rocking from side to side, but limited rotation
- gliding	wrist, ankle	sliding or twisting along/about different axes
- hinge	elbow, knee	rotation about one axis
- pivot	neck	rotation about one axis
- saddle	thumb	rock back and forth and from side to side, but limited rotation

Adapted from http://www.dummies.com/WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-1209,subcat-MATH.html  
and www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/joints/ball_and_socket_joint.shtml.

 

joint replacements

Image from dynamet technology.com.
hip	Images from jri-oh.com.	Images from jri-oh.com.	Images from jri-oh.com.
knee	Image from Mayo Clinic Health Oasis.	Image from The Stone Clinic.
elbow	Image from UW Medicine.	Image from UW Medicine.	Image from UW Medicine.
spinal disc	From advertisement in Desktop Engineering, March 2001, p. 47 for Noran Engineering.
jaw	Image from clemson.edu.
knuckle	Image from JointReplacement.com.

 

botanical joints

limbs
leaves
pine needles
pine cones
acorns
broccoli
artichoke
beet
celery
carrot
kalarabi
leek
red leek

Images by Jeff Thomas, 2003.