Property Classes
Physical
- Dimensions, shape
- Density or specific gravity
- Porosity
- Moisture content
- Macrostructure
- Microstructure
Chemical
- Oxide or compound composition
- Acidity or alkalinity
- Resistance to corrosion or weathering, etc.
Physico-chemical
- Water-absorptive or water-repellent action
- Shrinkage and swell due to moisture changes
Mechanical
- Strength
- Tension, compression, shear, and flexure
- Static, impact, endurance
- Stiffness
- Elasticity, plasticity
- Ductility, brittleness
- Hardness, wear resistance
Thermal
- Specific heat
- Expansion
- Conductivity
Electrical and
magnetic
- Conductivity
- Magnetic permeability
- Galvanic action
Acoustic
- Sound transmission
- Sound reflection
Optical
- Color
- Light transmission
- Light reflection
From The Testing and Inspection of Engineering Materials, 3rd Ed., by H.E. Davis, G.E. Troxell, and C.T. Wiskocil, McGraw-Hill, 1964, p. 7.
Mechanical Characterization
Load Methods Rate Regimes Deformation Measurement tension
compression
bearing
shear
hardness
bend
torsion
pressure
multiaxial
combinedquasi-static
dynamic
cyclic
high strain rate
creep
stress rupture
stress relaxation
fatigue
point-per-point
strain gages
extensometers
LVDTfull-field
photoelasticity
moiré
interferometry
shadow optical
brittle coatingEnvironmental Nondestructive Miscellaneous elevated/low temperature
moisture
chemicals
corrosion
liquid penetrant
acoustic emission
acoustic transmission
magnetic particle
Eddy-current
radiographic
ultrasonic
thermography
microwave
optical methodsformability
wear
modal analysis
residual stresses
fracture mechanics
stress concentration