Props List for Wood Connections Lecture

• wood identification kit
• broken drum stick
• example of compression wood
• examples of grain patterns at limbs/knots
• oak and poplar Janka-hardness samples
• nail-withdrawal specimen (prepared according to D143)
• drill blanks and holder

Testing Station 1 - Density

• equipment
  • scale
  • calipers
• specimen
  • 2"x2"x36" red oak $7.13
  • 2"x2"x36" poplar $4.83
  • 2"x2"x8' pine $1.95
  • 2"x2"x42" cedar $2.17
  • 2"x2"x8' cedar $5.50
• growth rings per inch
• % heartwood
• testing direction (for Janka)
• location in tree
• knots, defects
• break sketch and description

Testing Station 2 - Janka Hardness

• equipment
  • Instron 4469 (without computer)
  • 10-kip load cell
  • Janka indenter
  • lower compression platen
  • moisture meter
• specimen
  • (2 pieces) 2"x2"x36" red oak $7.13 each
  • (2 pieces) 2"x2"x36" poplar $4.83 each
  • (2 pieces) 2"x2"x42" clear western red cedar $2.17 each
  • (1 bundle) 2"x2"x24" pine (general purpose stakes) (6 per bundle) $3.13 each
  • (2 pieces) 31" composite decking $2.18 each
  • 2"x2"x8' cedar $5.50
  • 2"x2"x8' pine $1.95
• ASTM D143
  • size, weight, density, specific gravity, temperature
  • imaging -- microscope, camera
  • 13. Janka hardness  (4469)
  • 14. shear parallel to grain
  • 15. cleavage
  • compression, flexure
  • 18. nail withdrawal
  • 21. moisture content
  • porosity, shrinkage, swelling
• ASTM D4444 Hand-Held Moisture Meters
• D5652 Standard Test Methods for Bolted Connections in Wood and Wood-Based Products
• A680 Standard Test Methods for Nails (not active)

Testing Station 3 - Dowel Bearing

• equipment
  • Instron 5583 with Bluehill
  • 30-kip load cell
  • threaded adapter + three-point cap
  • lower aluminum compression platen
  • 3/4"-diameter bolt
  • 13/16" wood bit
• specimen
  • 2"x4"x12" pine (13 feet)
  • drill holes every 2" and rip down center
• ASTM D5764 covers dowel bearing tests in wood.
• D953 Standard Test Method for Bearing Strength of Plastics
• E238 Standard Test Method for Pin-Type Bearing Test of Metallic Materials

Testing Station 4 - Fastener Withdrawal

• equipment
  • TO Super L
  • (2) large C-clamps
  • fastener tongs
  • bar to support tongs
  • hammer
  • drill/driver with bits
  • masking tape
• specimen
  • 2"x4"x16" pine (25 feet, 100 fasteners)
  • nails
    • mark nails @ 1"
    • 6d 2.0" bright common 0.114"-dia. $1.80/lb
    • 8d 2.5" bright common nail 0.131"-dia. $1.80/lb
    • 10d 3.0" bright common nail 0.150"-dia. $1.80/lb
    • 16d 3.5" common nail 0.162"-dia. (state surplus)
    • 9x2" tempered fluted concrete nail
    • 6d 2" bright finish nail 0.090"-dia.
    • 8d 2.5" bright duplex nail 0.130"-dia.
    • 16d 3.5" box nail 0.136"-dia.
  • screws
    • threaded portion of screw is 1" long - insert to this point
    • #8 1.75" wood screw, flat Phillips 0.164"-dia. $4.26 for 75
    • #10 1.75" wood screw, flat Phillips 0.190"-dia. $2.94 for 50
    • #12 1.75" wood screw, flat Phillips 0.216"-dia. $4.81 for 50
    • 1" sheet metal screw, round slotted
    • 1.5" sheet metal screw, Phillips flat
    • #8 2" wood screw, Phillips flat
• ASTM D1761 sections 1-12 cover nail and screw withdrawal.
  • 1-12 Nail, Staple, or Screw Withdrawal
  • 13-20 Lateral Nail, Staple, or Screw Resistance
  • 21-30 Bolted Joints
  • 31-40 Tension of Plate Connector Joints

Testing Station 5 - Connection Plate Tension

• equipment
  • Instron 4485 with Bluehill
  • large hammer
• specimen
  • (4) 1"x2"x48" #2 top choice pine $0.88
  • (3) 1"x3"x72" #2 top choice pine $2.18
  • (32) MP14 mending plate $0.41, 1"x4" plate with 24 spikes
  • (36) MP24 mending plate $0.51, 2"x4" plate with 56 spikes
• use two plate connection tests per section
  •  send email to each group or post on Blackboard
• it would be interesting to compare glued, nailed, and screwed joints to connector plates