Research Grants

Past Grants:

  • Facility Integration for the Synthesis and testing of Radio-Nano-Isotopes At Missouri S&T. Innovation at Missouri S&T (http://innovate.mst.edu). Oct 7, 2016-2017. $19,000.
  • GAANN - CFDA 84.200a. Interdisciplinary Program in Graduate Engineering Education for Advancing Emerging Technologies Toward US Energy Security. As Co-Pi (15%). Pi: Samuel Frimpong.August 1, 2015 - July 31, 2018. $922,744.
  • DOE - Active Heat Removal System for Continuous Operation of the Missouri S&T Reactor. A. Kumar, et al. U.S. Department of Energy. Idaho Operations Office. Reactor Upgrade. CFDA: 81.121. DE-FOA-0000322. $314,260. Granted.(PI - Dr. Kumar)
  • Missouri Research Board. Development of a Nuclear Barcode for Tagging Explosives. PI Dr. Catherine Johnson. $55,793. 2015-2017.
  • Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Faculty Development Grant. NRC-HQ-13-G-38-0008. Start Date: 8/1/2013-2016. Grant funding one junior faculty in nuclear engineering. Total Funding: $345,559. CoPI.
  • DOE NEUP General Scientific Infrastructure Support. Nuclear Infrastructure Upgrade to Enhance Research & Teaching Capabilities at Missouri S&T. CoPI (15%). PI - Dr. Usman. $300,000.
  • NRC Faculty Development Grant. Arvind Kumar (for New Faculty Member). $337,000. Granted. 2013 (PI - Dr. Kumar)
  • NRC Faculty Development Grant. Arvind Kumar (for Ayodeji Alajo). $412,230. Granted. (PI - Dr. Kumar). 2012
  • NRC Grant NRC-HQ-12-G-38-0075. Laboratory on Corrosion of Nuclear Materials towards Understanding Ageing Mitigation in Light Water Reactors. August 31, 2012 - August 31, 2014. $194,447. PI (70%).
  • NRC Faculty Development Grant. Arvind Kumar (for Xin Liu). $450,000. Granted. (PI - Dr. Kumar). 2011
  • Nanotubes Adorned with Transition Metals. Missouri Research Board. 2010. $30,000
  • NRC Faculty Development Grant. Arvind Kumar (for Hyoung Lee and Carlos H. Castano). $449,605. Granted. 2010 (PI - Dr. Kumar)
  • A Simulation Study of a New Flat-Panel X-Ray Source. University of Missouri Research Board. 2010. $33,000. Granted. CoPI (40%). PI: Dr. Lee.
  • NRC Grant NRC-38-10-966. Creation of a Radiochemistry Teaching Program in Nuclear Engineering at Missouri S&T. July 1, 2010 - June 30, 2012. $125,000. PI (50%).
  • DoE-GNEP Readiness, Internet-Accessible Spectroscopy of Irradiated Specimens in a Heavily Shielded Cell at the UMR Reactor. 2008. $99,987. Granted. (PI - Dr. Kumar)

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Other Research Activities

Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics for Shielding Applications

CBPC Samples

  • Calcium silicate phosphate cement with samarium oxide additions for neutron shielding applications in nuclear industry. R. Florez, Alexandra Loaiza, Carlos H. Castano Giraldo, Henry A. Colorado. Progress in Nuclear Energy (IF: 1.87) 133 (2021) 103650.
  • The Material Characterization and Gamma Attenuation Properties of Portland Cement-Fe3O4 Composites for Potential Dry Cask Applications. Raul Florez, Henry A. Colorado, Ayodeji Alajo, Carlos H. C. Giraldo. Progress in Nuclear Energy (IF: 1.71) 111 (2019) 65-73.
  • Preparation and characterization of Portland cement pastes with Sm2O3 microparticle additions for neutron shielding applications. Raul Florez, Henry A. Colorado, Carlos H.C. Giraldo, Ayodeji Alajo. Construction and Building Materials (IF: 4.2) 191 (2018) 498-506.
  • Boron and lead based chemically bonded phosphates ceramics for nuclear waste and radiation shielding applications. Colorado, H.A., Pleitt, J., Yang, J.-M., Castano, C.H. Ceramic Transactions (IF: 0.14). 241 (2013) 3-9.
  • Radiation Shielding Simulation for Wollastonite-Based Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics.J. Pleitt, H.A. Colorado, C.H. Castano. Ceramic Transactions (IF: 0.14). 236 (2012) 113-120.
  • Wollastonite-based Chemical Bonded Phosphate Ceramic with lead oxide contents under gamma irradiation. H. A. Colorado, C. Hiel and H. T. Hahn, J. M. Yang, J. Pleitt, C. H. Castano. Journal of Nuclear Materials (IF: 2.11). 425 (2012) 197-204


  • Simulation and Validation of Nuclear Systems

    MSTR Experimentally Obtained Axial Neutron Flux Profile compared to Modelled Flux Profile Samples

  • Neutron Reflector Analysis for the Beam-Port of the Missouri S&T Reactor. Tayfun Akyurek, Warren S. Vaz, Ayodeji B. Alajo, Jeffrey C. King, Shoaib Usman, Carlos H. C. Giraldo. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (IF: 1.19) 322 (2019) 975-981.
  • Modeling and Validation of Temperature and Void Effects on Reactivity Experiments at the Missouri S&T Research Reactor (MSTR). B. Richardson, C. H. Castano, J. King, A. Alajo, S. Usman. Nuclear Science and Engineering (IF: 0.92). 187 (2017) 100-106. (Corresponding author).
  • Characterization of the Neutron Flux Energy Spectrum at the Missouri University of Science and Technology Research Reactor (MSTR). Z. A. Kulage, C. H. Castano, S. Usman, G. Mueller. Nuclear Engineering and Design (IF: 1.25). 261 (2013) 174-180 (corresponding author)
  • Modeling and Validation of Approach to Criticality and Axial Flux Profile Experiments at the Missouri S&T Reactor (MSTR). B. Richardson, C. H. Castano, J. King, A. Alajo, S. Usman. Nuclear Engineering and Design (IF: 1.25). 245 (2012) 55-61 (corresponding author)
  • Internet Accessible Hot Cell with Gamma Spectroscopy at the Missouri S&T Nuclear Reactor. E. Grant, G. Mueller, C. Castaño, S. Usman, A. Kumar. Nuclear Engineering and Design (IF: 1.25). 241 (2011) 3306-3316
  • Preliminary Study of the Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Vase Life of Iridaceae Hollandica. S. Dennis, L. Fisher, C. Ware, C. H. C. Giraldo. Radiation Physics and Chemistry (IF: 1.35). 144 (2018) 138-140. (Corresponding author)


  • Nanostructures Created with Radiation

    Palladium nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes

  • Radioactive Bimetallic Gold-Silver Nanoparticles Production in a Research Nuclear Reactor. Maria Camila Garcia Toro, Joshua P. Schlegel, and Carlos H. C. Giraldo. ChemistrySelect (IF: 1.48). 3 (2018) 8936-8941 (Corresponding author).
  • Direct Synthesis of Radioactive Gold Nanoparticles Using a Research Nuclear Reactor. Maria C. Garcia Toro, Joshua P. Schlegel, Carlos H. Castano Giraldo. J Nucl Med Technol. (IF: 0.62). 46 (2018) 280-284 (Corresponding author).
  • Radiation-Assisted Synthesis of Iridium and Rhodium Nanoparticles Supported on Polyvinylpyrrolidone. J. V. Rojas, C. H. Castano. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (IF: 1.24). 302 #1 (2014) 555-561.
  • Radiolytic Synthesis of Iridium Nanoparticles onto Carbon Nanotubes. J. V. Rojas, C. H. Castano. Journal of Nanoparticle Research (IF: 1.58). 16 #8 (2014) 16:2567
  • Synthesis of Rhenium Oxide Nanoparticles (RexOy) by Gamma Irradiation. J. V. Rojas, C. H. Castano. Radiation Physics and Chemistry (IF: 1.35). 99 (2014)1-5. (corresponding author)
  • Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Gamma Irradiation. Vivek M. Rao, Carlos H. Castano, Jessika Rojas, Ahlam J. Abdulghani. Radiation Physics and Chemistry (IF: 1.35). 89 (2013) 51-56(corresponding author)
  • Production of Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Gamma Irradiation. R. Jessika and C. H. Castano. Radiation Physics and Chemistry (IF: 1.35). 81 (2012) 16-21(corresponding author)
  • Invited Book Chapter: Radiation Synthesis of Materials and Compounds (Editors: B. I. Kharisov, O. V. Kharissova, U. O. Mendez). ISBN: 978-1-466-50522-3. Chapter Name: "Production of Metal Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes by Gamma Irradiation". Jessika Rojas, and C. H. Castaño. CRC Press. 2013


  • Nanostructures with other sources

    Nickel nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation in water

  • Experimental investigation on composites incorporating rice husk nanoparticles for environmental noise management. Jeiser Rendon, Carlos H. C. Giraldo, K. Cathrine Monyake, Lana Z. Alagha, Henry A. Colorado. Journal of Environmental Management (IF: 8.6). 325 (2023) 116477.
  • Synthesis and characterization of lanthanum phosphate nanoparticles as carriers for 223Ra and 225Ra for targeted alpha therapy. J. V. Rojas, J. D. Woodward, N. Chen, A. J. Rondinone, C. H. Castano, S. Mirzadeh. Nuclear Medicine and Biology (IF: 2.28). 42 #7 (2015) 614-620.
  • Preparation and enhanced thermal performance of novel (solid to gel) form-stable eutectic PCM modified by nano-graphene platelets. R. M. Saeed, J. P. Schlegel, C. Castano, R. Sawafta. Journal of Energy Storage (IF: 2.79). 15 (2018) 91-102
  • Preparation and Thermal Performance of Methyl Palmitate and Lauric Acid Eutectic Mixture as Phase Change Material (PCM). R. M. Saeed, J.P. Schlegel, C. Castano, R. Sawafta, V. Kuturu. Journal of Energy Storage (IF: 2.79). 13 (2017) 418-424
  • Uncertainty of Thermal Characterization of Phase Change Material by Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis. R. M. Saeed, J. P. Schlegel, C. Castano Giraldo, R. Sawafta. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) (IF: 0.43). 5 #01 (2016) 405-412


  • Field Emission

    Rhenium tip before and after exposure to XeF2 under a high electric field and simulation of geometric enhancement of electric field

  • Looking Inside a Prototype Compact X-Ray Tube Comprising CNT-Based Cold Cathode and Transmission-Type Anode. A.V. Avachat, W. W. Tucker, C. H. C. Giraldo, D. Pommerenke, H. K. Lee. Radiation Research (IF: 2.66) 193, 5 (2020) 497-504
  • Particle-In-Cell Simulations of Electron Focusing for a Compact X-Ray Tube Comprising CNT-Based Electron Source and Transmission Type Anode. Ashish V. Avachat, Wesley W. Tucker, Carlos H. C. Giraldo, and Hyoung K. Lee. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (IF: 2.90) 66. 3 (2019) 1525-1532
  • Nitrogen Incorporated Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Based Field Emitter Array for a Flat-Panel X-ray Source. Chrystian M. Posada, Edwin J. Grant, Ralu Divan, Anirudha. V. Sumant, Daniel Rosenmann, Liliana Stan, Hyoung K. Lee, Carlos H. Castaño. Journal of Applied Physics (IF: 1.65). 115 (2014) 134506-1-9. (Corresponding author)
  • Construction of an Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Based Cold Cathode Array for a Flat-Panel X-ray Source. E.J. Grant, C.M. Posada, R. Divan, A. V. Sumant, D. Rosenmann, L. Stan, A. Avachat, C.H. Castano and H.K. Lee. SPIE Proceedings (IF: 0.48). 87090U (2013) (Peer Reviewed)
  • A Monte Carlo Simulation Study of a Flat-Panel X-ray Source. Edwin Grant, Hyoung Lee, Chrystian Posada and, Carlos H. Castaño. Applied Radiation and Isotopes (IF: 1.15). 70 #8 (2012) 1658-1666
  • Visual and Electrical Evidence Supporting a Mechanism of Vacuum Breakdown. C. Castano, M. Aghazarian, J. Caughman, and D. Ruzic. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science (IF: 1.17). 40 # 4 (2012) 1217-1222 (corresponding author)
  • Simulation of the Electron Field Emission Characteristics of a Flat Panel X-Ray Source. C. M. Posada, C. H. Castano, E. J. Grant, H. K. Lee. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B (IF: 1.15). 30, (2012) 022201-1-9 (corresponding author)
  • Electron Field Emission Particle in Cell (PIC) Coupled with MCNPX Simulation of a CNT-Based Flat-Panel-X-ray Source. E.J. Grant, C.M. Posada, C.H. Castano and H.K. Lee. SPIE Proceedings (IF: 0.48). 796108-1-11 (2011) (Peer Reviewed)
  • Preliminary Evidence of Field Induced Rhenium Etching by XeF2 at High Vacuum. C. H. Castano, M. Aghazarian, and D. N. Ruzic. Journal of Applied Physics (IF: 1.65). 103 (2008) 044901
  • Study of RF Breakdown Mechanisms Relevant to an ICH Antenna Environment. J.B.O. Caughman, C. Castano-Giraldo, M. Aghazarian, F.W. Baity, D.A. Rasmussen, and D.N. Ruzic. AIP Conference Proceedings (IF:0.41) 933 (2007) 195-202


  • Nuclear Bar Code

    Example of combinations using "good" elements for NAA analysis. Five elements are rare earths and the other three are precious metals. None of the tracers are found in explosives and all are unlikely to be present in the environment of a terrorist attack. At the concentrations shown, NAA should be able to successful identify samples as small as 1 mg.

  • Effects of Delaying Measurements of Concentration using Neutron Activation Analysis on Explosive Taggants. James Seaman, Carlos H. C. Giraldo, Catherine Johnson. Applied Radiation and Isotopes (IF: 1.12) 156 (2020) 109007
  • Effects of Delaying Measurements of Concentration using Neutron Activation Analysis on Explosive Taggants. James Seaman, Carlos H. C. Giraldo, Catherine Johnson. Applied Radiation and Isotopes (IF: 1.12) 156 (2020) 109007
  • Reactive not Proactive: Explosive Identification Taggant History and Introduction of the Nuclear Barcode Taggant Model. J. Seman, C. H. C. Giraldo, C. E. Johnson. Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics (IF: 2.01). 44 (2019) 1-12
  • Detectability of Rare Earth Elements in Explosive Post Blast Residues by Neutron Activation Analysis for use as Identification Taggants. J. Seman, C. H. C. Giraldo, C. Johnson. Journal of Forensic Research. (IF: 0.32). 9, 3 (2018) 1-9
  • Holmium and Samarium Detectability in Post-Blast Residue. James Seman, Catherine Johnson, and Carlos H. C. Giraldo Citation: AIP Conference Proceedings (IF: 0.25) 1979 (2018) 150034-1-6


  • Nuclear Materials

    Minifatigue bending specimen and Abaqus simulation

  • Weibull statistical analysis of Krouse-type bending fatigue in nuclear materials of HT9 Journal of Nuclear Materials. A. S. Haidyrah, J. W. Newkirk, Carlos H. Castaño. Journal of Nuclear Materials (IF: 2.11). 470 (2016) 244-250
  • Ionic Debris Measurement of Three Extreme Ultraviolet Sources. J. Sporre, C. H. Castano, and D. N. Ruzic. Journal of Applied Physics (IF: 1.65). 106 #4 (2009) 043304-043304-7
  • Physical and Chemical Erosion of Li Treated ATJ Graphite for NSTX. M.Z. Racic, D.N. Ruzic, R. Raju, C. Struck, C.H. Castano. 2007 IEEE 22nd Symposium on Fusion Engineering Proceedings - SOFE (IF: 0.12) 22 (2007) 4337924, 1-4
  • Magnetic characterization of a hydrogen phase trapped inside deep dislocation cores in a hydrogen-cycled PdHx (x ~ 4.5×10-4) single crystal. Lipson, A.G.; Heuser, B.J.; Castano, C.H.; Lyakhov, B.F.; Tsivadze, A.Yu. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics (IF: 1.13). 103 #3 (2006) 385-397
  • Transport and Magnetic Anomalies below 70 K in a Hydrogen-cycled Pd Foil with a Thermally Grown Oxide. A. Lipson, B. Heuser, C. Castaño, G. Miley, B. Lyakhov, and A. Mitin. Physical Review B (IF: 3.18). 72 (2005) 212507-1-4
  • Observation of a low-field diamagnetic contribution to the magnetic susceptibility of deformed single crystal PdHx (x~4x10-4). Andrei G. Lipson, Brent J. Heuser, Carlos H. Castaño, Ayten Celik-Aktas. Physics Letters A (IF: 1.74). 339 (2005) 414-423


  • Energy

    Nuclear Gasoline: CO2 Reduction with Nuclear Ions Concept

  • Book Chapter: Kazuma Kobayashi, Shoaib Usman, Carlos Castano, Ayodeji Alajo, Dinesh Kumar, Susmita Naskar, Syed Alam. Data-Driven Multiscale Modeling and Robust Optimization of Composite Structure with Uncertainty Quantification. In: Fathi, M., Zio, E., Pardalos, P.M. (eds) Handbook of Smart Energy Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72322-4_207-1. 2023
  • Book Chapter: Kobayashi, K., Usman, S., Castano, C., Alajo, A., Kumar, D., Alam, S. Surrogate Modeling-Driven Physics-Informed Multi-fidelity Kriging: Path forrward to Digital Twin Enabling Simulation for Accident Tolerant Fuel. In: Fathi, M., Zio, E., Pardalos, P.M. (eds) Handbook of Smart Energy Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72322-4_204-1. 2023
  • Book Chapter: Kazuma Kobayashi, Brandon Bloss, Alexander Foutch, Brenden Kelly, Ayodeji Alajo, Carlos H. C. Giraldo, Dinesh Kumar, Syed Alam. Digital Twin for Multi-criteria Decision-Making Framework to Accelerate Fuel Qualification for Accident-Tolerant Fuel Concepts. In: Fathi, M., Zio, E., Pardalos, P.M. (eds) Handbook of Smart Energy Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72322-4_160-1. 2022
  • Invited Book Chapter: Energy Science and Technology Vol. 4: Nuclear Energy (Editors: R. Prasad, S. Sivakumar and U. C. Sharma). ISBN: 978-1-626990-65-4. Chapter Name: "Progress in Inorganic Phosphate Cements for the Neutralization, Stabilization and Disposal of Radioactive Wastes". Henry A. Colorado, Jose Gaviria, Carlos H. Castano. Studium Press LLC. 2015
  • Invited Book Chapter: Nuclear Energy Encyclopedia: Science, Technology, and Applications (Editors: S. B. Krivit, T. B. Kingery, J. H. Lehr). ISBN: 978-0-470-89439-2. Part II. Chapter 14. Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing. C. H. Castaño. Wiley Series on Energy. 2011


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